TITLE: Guaricha Mask
TYPE: face mask
GENERAL REGION: Latin America
COUNTRY: Ecuador
SUBREGION: Cotopaxi
ETHNICITY: Quechua; Aymara
DESCRIPTION: Español (Spaniard) Mask
CATALOG ID: LAEC004
MAKER: Unknown
CEREMONY: Fiesta de la Mama Negra
AGE: 2025
MAIN MATERIAL: wire mesh
OTHER MATERIALS: metal strips; human hair; paint
The Fiesta de la Mama Negra (Festival of the Black Mama) is a celebration held in September and again in early November in Latacunga, Ecuador. The event originates in pre-colonial indigenous practices and was adapted to honor the Virgin of Mercy (Virgen de la Merced) after Catholic conversion, in thanks for her supposed intervention to protect the population from eruptions from the nearby Cotopaxi volcano. The festival has become one of the most important in Latacunga, and includes a parade (comparsa) featuring the Mama Negra prominently as an African version of Mary, mother of Jesus, combined with the Incan creator god Pachamama.
Other important masks include the Rey Moro (King Moor, showing the influence of the Conquistadors); angels; clowns (payasos abanderados and huacos); and guarichas (men in drag, who lead a group of dancers and carry a whip to keep the crowd out of the street). This festival opens with the huacos, representing precolonial Aymara shamans who parade to cure the diseases of the crowd. This mask is what the guarichas wear.
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